Umlando Wensimbi Engagqwali

Ukusungulwa nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kungalandelelwa emuva eMpini Yezwe I. Ngaleso sikhathi, izibhamu zasenkundleni yempi zaseBrithani zazivame ukuthunyelwa emuva ngenxa yokuguga kwemiphongolo. Umnyango wokukhiqiza wezempi wagunyaza i-Brearley ukuthi ithuthukise-amandla, insimbi{3}}eqinile engaguquki ukuze ibhekane nale nkinga.

UBrearley nabasizi bakhe baqoqa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi nama-alloys anezakhiwo ezihlukene ezivela emithonjeni yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, bahlola ukusebenza kwabo emishinini ehlukahlukene, futhi bakhetha insimbi efanelekile kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe ezibhamu. Ngolunye usuku, bazama nge-alloy equkethe inani eliphezulu le-chromium. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Wear kwaveza ukuthi ingxubevange yayingagugi{2}}okubonisa ukuthi yayingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa ezibhamuni. Bayiqopha imiphumela bayilahla. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umsizi wagijima waya eBrearley ngokujabula ephethe insimbi ecwebezelayo. "Mnumzane," esho, "ngithole le ngxubevange ethunyelwe nguMnu. Mullah ngenkathi ehlanza inqolobane. Ungathanda ukuyihlola futhi ubone ukuthi inezindawo ezikhethekile yini?" "Yebo!" Kusho uBrearley ejabule ebuka insimbi ecwebezelayo.

Imiphumela yokuhlola yafakazela ukuthi kwakuyinsimbi engagqwali imelana nama-asidi, ama-alkali, nosawoti. Le nsimbi engenasici yasungulwa i-mullah yaseJalimane ngo-1912, kodwa i-mullah yayingazi ukuthi izosetshenziselwa ini.

U-Braille wazibuza, "Uma le nsimbi-eqinile kodwa engagqwali{1}}ingakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izibhamu, ingabe ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zetafula?" Ngokushesha waqala umsebenzi, enza imimese yezithelo yensimbi engagqwali, izimfoloko, izinkezo, izitsha zezithelo nemibese esongwayo.

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Braille yayinelungelo lobunikazi e-UK ngo-1916 futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, insimbi engagqwali, etholwe ngephutha endaweni yokulahla udoti, yaba isenzakalo somhlaba wonke, futhi uHenry Brearleigh wadunyiswa "njengoBaba Wensimbi Engagqwali."