Isakhiwo se-Austenitic se-alloy
Mar 23, 2026
I-Austenite iwuhlaka olubalulekile lwekristalu olutholakala kunsimbi nakwamanye ama-alloys asekelwe ku-iron, eyaziwa ngokuba nokuqina kwawo okuphezulu kanye nepulasitiki. I-Austenite inobuso-isakhiwo esimaphakathi se-cubic (FCC), esinama-athomu ensimbi abekwe kuma-vertices nasezindaweni zobuso ze-cube, kanye nekhabhoni noma amanye ama-elementi e-alloying angaqina-axazululwe phakathi kwama-interstices.
I-Austenite i-microstructure ye-alloy. Idinga ukuhlangabezana nemibandela emibili:
1. Isakhiwo sekristalu sengxubevange siwubuso-isakhiwo esimaphakathi se-cubic (FCC).
2. Ingxubevange iyisixazululo esiqinile.
I-Austenite inezici ze-plasticity enhle, i-coefficient ephansi ye-thermal expansion, nokusebenza okuhle-kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Cishe wonke ama-stainless steels ajwayelekile kanye{2}}nokushisa okuphezulu ama-alloys angama-austenitic alloys.
Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ipulasitiki enhle yama-alloys e-austenitic ibenza bakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzinzile isikhathi eside ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi, yingakho izinsimbi ezingenasici ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zonke ziyizinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sama-austenitic alloys ukusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu-kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ubuso-isakhiwo se-cubic esimaphakathi singagcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekise amandla ama-austenitic alloys emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Yingakho cishe wonke{4}}ama-alloys okushisa aphezulu angama-alloys e-austenitic.
Ngakho-ke yini enquma ukuthi i-alloy inesakhiwo se-austenitic?
Manje, siyazi ukuthi ama-alloy e-austenitic adinga ukuba nesakhiwo-se-centered cubic (FCC) sobuso. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuqonda ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zensimbi ezinesakhiwo se-FCC.
Insimbi evame kakhulu insimbi, futhi insimbi yensimbi inesakhiwo se-FCC ngempela. Ngeshwa, insimbi inezakhiwo ze-allotropy. Okusho ukuthi, insimbi ingagcina kuphela isakhiwo se-FCC ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elingu-912 kuya ku-1394 degree. Kwamanye amazinga okushisa, i-ayoni ishintsha ibe umzimba-isakhiwo esimaphakathi se-cubic (BCC).
Kuleli qophelo, sidinga ngokushesha into yensimbi engaqinisekisa isakhiwo se-FCC kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa. Le elementi iyi-nickel. Uma nje okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ye-alloy kungaphezu kuka-9%, isakhiwo se-FCC singagcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ukumane ungeze i-nickel engu-9% noma ngaphezulu ensimbi kungenza i-alloy igcine isakhiwo se-austenitic kunoma yikuphi ukushisa. Yingakho zonke izinsimbi ezingagqwali kanye{6}}nezinga eliphezulu lokushisa alloys iqukethe nickel.
